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MRC Virology Unit, Institute of Virology, University of Glasgow, Church Street, Glasgow G11 5JR, U.K.
The entire DNA sequence of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) was determined using the M13-dideoxynucleotide technology. The genome is variable in size, but the sequence which was obtained comprises 124884 bp. Analysis of the sequence indicated that the genome contains 70 genes distributed about equally between the two DNA strands. The genes are organized compactly, but regions of overlap between protein-coding regions are not extensive. Many of the genes are arranged in 3'-coterminal families, and at least one is spliced. The discerned organization of VZV genes and that deduced for herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) from published transcript mapping data indicate that these two members of the Alphaherpesvirinae are very similar in gene layout. Comparisons of the predicted amino acid sequences of VZV proteins with those available for HSV-1 proteins generally suggest evolution from an ancestral genome, and allow the functions of several VZV genes to be deduced, although limited regions where the genomes differ in functional organization were also identified.
Keywords: VZV, DNA sequence, genes, homology
Present address: Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, U.S.A.
Received 7 April 1986;
accepted 23 April 1986.
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T. J. Pasieka, L. Maresova, and C. Grose A Functional YNKI Motif in the Short Cytoplasmic Tail of Varicella-Zoster Virus Glycoprotein gH Mediates Clathrin-Dependent and Antibody-Independent Endocytosis J. Virol., April 1, 2003; 77(7): 4191 - 4204. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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N. Nozawa, T. Daikoku, T. Koshizuka, Y. Yamauchi, T. Yoshikawa, and Y. Nishiyama Subcellular Localization of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 UL51 Protein and Role of Palmitoylation in Golgi Apparatus Targeting J. Virol., March 1, 2003; 77(5): 3204 - 3216. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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P. Compel and N. A. DeLuca Temperature-Dependent Conformational Changes in Herpes Simplex Virus ICP4 That Affect Transcription Activation J. Virol., March 1, 2003; 77(5): 3257 - 3268. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. J. Visalli, J. Fairhurst, S. Srinivas, W. Hu, B. Feld, M. DiGrandi, K. Curran, A. Ross, J. D. Bloom, M. van Zeijl, et al. Identification of Small Molecule Compounds That Selectively Inhibit Varicella-Zoster Virus Replication J. Virol., February 15, 2003; 77(4): 2349 - 2358. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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W. J. Collins and D. C. Johnson Herpes Simplex Virus gE/gI Expressed in Epithelial Cells Interferes with Cell-to-Cell Spread J. Virol., February 15, 2003; 77(4): 2686 - 2695. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. Xia, S. Srinivas, H. Sato, L. Pesnicak, S. E. Straus, and J. I. Cohen Varicella-Zoster Virus Open Reading Frame 21, Which Is Expressed during Latency, Is Essential for Virus Replication but Dispensable for Establishment of Latency J. Virol., December 20, 2002; 77(2): 1211 - 1218. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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Y. Gomi, H. Sunamachi, Y. Mori, K. Nagaike, M. Takahashi, and K. Yamanishi Comparison of the Complete DNA Sequences of the Oka Varicella Vaccine and Its Parental Virus J. Virol., October 11, 2002; 76(22): 11447 - 11459. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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H. Sato, L. D. Callanan, L. Pesnicak, T. Krogmann, and J. I. Cohen Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) ORF17 Protein Induces RNA Cleavage and Is Critical for Replication of VZV at 37oC but Not 33oC J. Virol., October 2, 2002; 76(21): 11012 - 11023. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. L. Boyer, S. Swaminathan, and S. J. Silverstein The Epstein-Barr Virus SM Protein Is Functionally Similar to ICP27 from Herpes Simplex Virus in Viral Infections J. Virol., August 12, 2002; 76(18): 9420 - 9433. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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W. Fuchs, B. G. Klupp, H. Granzow, C. Hengartner, A. Brack, A. Mundt, L. W. Enquist, and T. C. Mettenleiter Physical Interaction between Envelope Glycoproteins E and M of Pseudorabies Virus and the Major Tegument Protein UL49 J. Virol., July 17, 2002; 76(16): 8208 - 8217. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. Moffat, H. Ito, M. Sommer, S. Taylor, and A. M. Arvin Glycoprotein I of Varicella-Zoster Virus Is Required for Viral Replication in Skin and T Cells J. Virol., July 17, 2002; 76(16): 8468 - 8471. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. J. Cohrs, J. Wischer, C. Essman, and D. H. Gilden Characterization of Varicella-Zoster Virus Gene 21 and 29 Proteins in Infected Cells J. Virol., June 14, 2002; 76(14): 7228 - 7238. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. Koshizuka, F. Goshima, H. Takakuwa, N. Nozawa, T. Daikoku, O. Koiwai, and Y. Nishiyama Identification and Characterization of the UL56 Gene Product of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 J. Virol., June 5, 2002; 76(13): 6718 - 6728. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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H. Sato, L. Pesnicak, and J. I. Cohen Varicella-Zoster Virus Open Reading Frame 2 Encodes a Membrane Phosphoprotein That Is Dispensable for Viral Replication and for Establishment of Latency J. Virol., March 7, 2002; 76(7): 3575 - 3578. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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B. G. Klupp, W. Fuchs, H. Granzow, R. Nixdorf, and T. C. Mettenleiter Pseudorabies Virus UL36 Tegument Protein Physically Interacts with the UL37 Protein J. Virol., February 22, 2002; 76(6): 3065 - 3071. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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W. B. Muir, R. Nichols, and J. Breuer Phylogenetic Analysis of Varicella-Zoster Virus: Evidence of Intercontinental Spread of Genotypes and Recombination J. Virol., February 15, 2002; 76(4): 1971 - 1979. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. Ohsawa, D. H. Black, H. Sato, and R. Eberle Sequence and Genetic Arrangement of the US Region of the Monkey B Virus (Cercopithecine Herpesvirus 1) Genome and Comparison with the US Regions of Other Primate Herpesviruses J. Virol., February 1, 2002; 76(3): 1516 - 1520. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. C. Heineman and S. L. Hall Role of the Varicella-Zoster Virus gB Cytoplasmic Domain in gB Transport and Viral Egress J. Virol., January 15, 2002; 76(2): 591 - 599. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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W. Fuchs, B. G. Klupp, H. Granzow, N. Osterrieder, and T. C. Mettenleiter The Interacting UL31 and UL34 Gene Products of Pseudorabies Virus Are Involved in Egress from the Host-Cell Nucleus and Represent Components of Primary Enveloped but Not Mature Virions J. Virol., January 1, 2002; 76(1): 364 - 378. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. Schumacher, B. K. Tischer, S. M. Reddy, and N. Osterrieder Glycoproteins E and I of Marek's Disease Virus Serotype 1 Are Essential for Virus Growth in Cultured Cells J. Virol., December 1, 2001; 75(23): 11307 - 11318. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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T. Kamiyama, M. Kurokawa, and K. Shiraki Characterization of the DNA polymerase gene of varicella-zoster viruses resistant to acyclovir J. Gen. Virol., November 1, 2001; 82(11): 2761 - 2765. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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L. Maresova, T. J. Pasieka, and C. Grose Varicella-Zoster Virus gB and gE Coexpression, but Not gB or gE Alone, Leads to Abundant Fusion and Syncytium Formation Equivalent to Those from gH and gL Coexpression J. Virol., October 1, 2001; 75(19): 9483 - 9492. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. E. Reynolds, B. J. Ryckman, J. D. Baines, Y. Zhou, L. Liang, and R. J. Roller UL31 and UL34 Proteins of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Form a Complex That Accumulates at the Nuclear Rim and Is Required for Envelopment of Nucleocapsids J. Virol., September 15, 2001; 75(18): 8803 - 8817. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. H. Sommer, E. Zagha, O. K. Serrano, C. C. Ku, L. Zerboni, A. Baiker, R. Santos, M. Spengler, J. Lynch, C. Grose, et al. Mutational Analysis of the Repeated Open Reading Frames, ORFs 63 and 70 and ORFs 64 and 69, of Varicella-Zoster Virus J. Virol., September 1, 2001; 75(17): 8224 - 8239. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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Y. Furuta, F. Ohtani, H. Sawa, S. Fukuda, and Y. Inuyama Quantitation of Varicella-Zoster Virus DNA in Patients with Ramsay Hunt Syndrome and Zoster Sine Herpete J. Clin. Microbiol., August 1, 2001; 39(8): 2856 - 2859. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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W. A. Hayajneh, D. G. Contopoulos-Ioannidis, M. M. Lesperance, A. M. Venegas, and A. M. Colberg-Poley The carboxyl terminus of the human cytomegalovirus UL37 immediate-early glycoprotein is conserved in primary strains and is important for transactivation J. Gen. Virol., July 1, 2001; 82(7): 1569 - 1579. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. I. Ng, Y. Shi, H. J. Huffaker, W. Kati, Y. Liu, C.-M. Chen, Z. Lin, C. Maring, W. E. Kohlbrenner, and A. Molla Selection and Characterization of Varicella-Zoster Virus Variants Resistant to (R)-9-[4-Hydroxy-2-(Hydroxymethy)Butyl]Guanine Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., June 1, 2001; 45(6): 1629 - 1636. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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Y. Yamauchi, C. Shiba, F. Goshima, A. Nawa, T. Murata, and Y. Nishiyama Herpes simplex virus type 2 UL34 protein requires UL31 protein for its relocation to the internal nuclear membrane in transfected cells J. Gen. Virol., June 1, 2001; 82(6): 1423 - 1428. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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J. Parkinson and R. D. Everett Alphaherpesvirus Proteins Related to Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 ICP0 Induce the Formation of Colocalizing, Conjugated Ubiquitin J. Virol., June 1, 2001; 75(11): 5357 - 5362. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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 M. KRESS and H. FICKENSCHER Infection by human varicella-zoster virus confers norepinephrine sensitivity to sensory neurons from rat dorsal root ganglia FASEB J, April 1, 2001; 15(6): 1037 - 1043. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. L. Afonso, E. R. Tulman, Z. Lu, L. Zsak, D. L. Rock, and G. F. Kutish The Genome of Turkey Herpesvirus J. Virol., January 15, 2001; 75(2): 971 - 978. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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