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Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill., U.S.A.
Established (laboratory) strains and fresh isolates of herpes simplex virus from patients with skin and genital lesions were classified into four groups depending on their effects on the social interaction among infected HEP-2 cells. The groups comprised strains causing (1) rounding of cells but no adhesion or fusion, (2) loose aggregation of rounded cells, (3) tight adhesion of rounded cells, and (4) fusion of cells into polykaryocytes. Protype strains from each group were found to differ with respect to immunologic specificity, buoyant density in CsCl solutions and stability at 40°.
Received 6 September 1967;
accepted 13 November 1967.
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A. Kato, M. Yamamoto, T. Ohno, M. Tanaka, T. Sata, Y. Nishiyama, and Y. Kawaguchi Herpes Simplex Virus 1-Encoded Protein Kinase UL13 Phosphorylates Viral Us3 Protein Kinase and Regulates Nuclear Localization of Viral Envelopment Factors UL34 and UL31 J. Virol., February 1, 2006; 80(3): 1476 - 1486. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. Park and J. D. Baines Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection Induces Activation and Recruitment of Protein Kinase C to the Nuclear Membrane and Increased Phosphorylation of Lamin B J. Virol., January 1, 2006; 80(1): 494 - 504. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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X. Jing and B. He Characterization of the triplet repeats in the central domain of the {gamma}134{middle dot}5 protein of herpes simplex virus 1 J. Gen. Virol., September 1, 2005; 86(9): 2411 - 2419. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. A. Cassady Human Cytomegalovirus TRS1 and IRS1 Gene Products Block the Double-Stranded-RNA-Activated Host Protein Shutoff Response Induced by Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection J. Virol., July 15, 2005; 79(14): 8707 - 8715. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. P. W. Poon and B. Roizman Herpes Simplex Virus 1 ICP22 Regulates the Accumulation of a Shorter mRNA and of a Truncated US3 Protein Kinase That Exhibits Altered Functions J. Virol., July 1, 2005; 79(13): 8470 - 8479. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. Fusco, C. Forghieri, and G. Campadelli-Fiume The pro-fusion domain of herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D (gD) interacts with the gD N terminus and is displaced by soluble forms of viral receptors PNAS, June 28, 2005; 102(26): 9323 - 9328. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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H. Gu, Y. Liang, G. Mandel, and B. Roizman Components of the REST/CoREST/histone deacetylase repressor complex are disrupted, modified, and translocated in HSV-1-infected cells PNAS, May 24, 2005; 102(21): 7571 - 7576. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. C. Yedowitz, A. Kotsakis, E. F. M. Schlegel, and J. A. Blaho Nuclear Localizations of the Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Tegument Proteins VP13/14, vhs, and VP16 Precede VP22-Dependent Microtubule Reorganization and VP22 Nuclear Import J. Virol., April 15, 2005; 79(8): 4730 - 4743. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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L. Liang and J. D. Baines Identification of an Essential Domain in the Herpes Simplex Virus 1 UL34 Protein That Is Necessary and Sufficient To Interact with UL31 Protein J. Virol., March 15, 2005; 79(6): 3797 - 3806. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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G. Cheng, Z. Feng, and B. He Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Infection Activates the Endoplasmic Reticulum Resident Kinase PERK and Mediates eIF-2{alpha} Dephosphorylation by the {gamma}134.5 Protein J. Virol., February 1, 2005; 79(3): 1379 - 1388. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Esclatine, B. Taddeo, and B. Roizman The UL41 protein of herpes simplex virus mediates selective stabilization or degradation of cellular mRNAs PNAS, December 28, 2004; 101(52): 18165 - 18170. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. V. Chee and B. Roizman Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Gene Products Occlude the Interferon Signaling Pathway at Multiple Sites J. Virol., April 15, 2004; 78(8): 4185 - 4196. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Esclatine, B. Taddeo, L. Evans, and B. Roizman The herpes simplex virus 1 UL41 gene-dependent destabilization of cellular RNAs is selective and may be sequence-specific PNAS, March 9, 2004; 101(10): 3603 - 3608. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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P. M. Beard, C. Duffy, and J. D. Baines Quantification of the DNA Cleavage and Packaging Proteins UL15 and UL28 in A and B Capsids of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 J. Virol., February 1, 2004; 78(3): 1367 - 1374. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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B. J. Ryckman and R. J. Roller Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Primary Envelopment: UL34 Protein Modification and the US3-UL34 Catalytic Relationship J. Virol., January 1, 2004; 78(1): 399 - 412. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. Hagglund and B. Roizman Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Mutant in Which the ICP0 HUL-1 E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Site Is Disrupted Stabilizes cdc34 but Degrades D-Type Cyclins and Exhibits Diminished Neurotoxicity J. Virol., December 15, 2003; 77(24): 13194 - 13202. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. D. Sloan, G. Zahariadis, C. M. Posavad, N. T. Pate, S. J. Kussick, and K. R. Jerome CTL Are Inactivated by Herpes Simplex Virus-Infected Cells Expressing a Viral Protein Kinase J. Immunol., December 15, 2003; 171(12): 6733 - 6741. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. P. W. Poon, Y. Liang, and B. Roizman Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Gene Expression Is Accelerated by Inhibitors of Histone Deacetylases in Rabbit Skin Cells Infected with a Mutant Carrying a cDNA Copy of the Infected-Cell Protein No. 0 J. Virol., December 1, 2003; 77(23): 12671 - 12678. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. J. Advani, L. O. Durand, R. R. Weichselbaum, and B. Roizman Oct-1 Is Posttranslationally Modified and Exhibits Reduced Capacity To Bind Cognate Sites at Late Times after Infection with Herpes Simplex Virus 1 J. Virol., November 15, 2003; 77(22): 11927 - 11932. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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B. Taddeo, T. R. Luo, W. Zhang, and B. Roizman Activation of NF-{kappa}B in cells productively infected with HSV-1 depends on activated protein kinase R and plays no apparent role in blocking apoptosis PNAS, October 14, 2003; 100(21): 12408 - 12413. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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G. Cheng, K. Yang, and B. He Dephosphorylation of eIF-2{alpha} Mediated by the {gamma}134.5 Protein of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Is Required for Viral Response to Interferon but Is Not Sufficient for Efficient Viral Replication J. Virol., September 15, 2003; 77(18): 10154 - 10161. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. V. Chee, P. Lopez, P. P. Pandolfi, and B. Roizman Promyelocytic Leukemia Protein Mediates Interferon-Based Anti-Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Effects J. Virol., June 15, 2003; 77(12): 7101 - 7105. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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B. Taddeo, A. Esclatine, W. Zhang, and B. Roizman The Stress-Inducible Immediate-Early Responsive Gene IEX-1 Is Activated in Cells Infected with Herpes Simplex Virus 1, but Several Viral Mechanisms, Including 3' Degradation of Its RNA, Preclude Expression of the Gene J. Virol., June 1, 2003; 77(11): 6178 - 6187. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. J. Advani, R. R. Weichselbaum, and B. Roizman Herpes simplex virus 1 activates cdc2 to recruit topoisomerase IIalpha for post-DNA synthesis expression of late genes PNAS, April 15, 2003; 100(8): 4825 - 4830. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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Y. Kawaguchi, K. Kato, M. Tanaka, M. Kanamori, Y. Nishiyama, and Y. Yamanashi Conserved Protein Kinases Encoded by Herpesviruses and Cellular Protein Kinase cdc2 Target the Same Phosphorylation Site in Eukaryotic Elongation Factor 1{delta} J. Virol., February 15, 2003; 77(4): 2359 - 2368. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Tanaka, H. Kagawa, Y. Yamanashi, T. Sata, and Y. Kawaguchi Construction of an Excisable Bacterial Artificial Chromosome Containing a Full-Length Infectious Clone of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1: Viruses Reconstituted from the Clone Exhibit Wild-Type Properties In Vitro and In Vivo J. Virol., December 20, 2002; 77(2): 1382 - 1391. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. P. W. Poon, S. J. Silverstein, and B. Roizman An Early Regulatory Function Required in a Cell Type-Dependent Manner Is Expressed by the Genomic but Not the cDNA Copy of the Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Gene Encoding Infected Cell Protein 0 J. Virol., August 28, 2002; 76(19): 9744 - 9755. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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P. Lopez, R. J. Jacob, and B. Roizman Overexpression of Promyelocytic Leukemia Protein Precludes the Dispersal of ND10 Structures and Has No Effect on Accumulation of Infectious Herpes Simplex Virus 1 or Its Proteins J. Virol., August 12, 2002; 76(18): 9355 - 9367. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. E. Reynolds, E. G. Wills, R. J. Roller, B. J. Ryckman, and J. D. Baines Ultrastructural Localization of the Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 UL31, UL34, and US3 Proteins Suggests Specific Roles in Primary Envelopment and Egress of Nucleocapsids J. Virol., July 29, 2002; 76(17): 8939 - 8952. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. Trgovcich, D. Johnson, and B. Roizman Cell Surface Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Proteins Are Regulated by the Products of the {gamma}134.5 and UL41 Genes of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 J. Virol., June 14, 2002; 76(14): 6974 - 6986. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. T. Sciortino, B. Taddeo, A. P. W. Poon, A. Mastino, and B. Roizman Of the three tegument proteins that package mRNA in herpes simplex virions, one (VP22) transports the mRNA to uninfected cells for expression prior to viral infection PNAS, June 11, 2002; 99(12): 8318 - 8323. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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P. M. Beard, N. S. Taus, and J. D. Baines DNA Cleavage and Packaging Proteins Encoded by Genes UL28, UL15, and UL33 of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Form a Complex in Infected Cells J. Virol., April 16, 2002; 76(10): 4785 - 4791. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. A. Cassady and M. Gross The Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 US11 Protein Interacts with Protein Kinase R in Infected Cells and Requires a 30-Amino-Acid Sequence Adjacent to a Kinase Substrate Domain J. Virol., March 1, 2002; 76(5): 2029 - 2035. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. A. Cassady, M. Gross, G. Y. Gillespie, and B. Roizman Second-Site Mutation Outside of the US10-12 Domain of {Delta}{gamma}134.5 Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Recombinant Blocks the Shutoff of Protein Synthesis Induced by Activated Protein Kinase R and Partially Restores Neurovirulence J. Virol., February 1, 2002; 76(3): 942 - 949. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. Hagglund, C. Van Sant, P. Lopez, and B. Roizman Herpes simplex virus 1-infected cell protein 0 contains two E3 ubiquitin ligase sites specific for different E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes PNAS, January 22, 2002; 99(2): 631 - 636. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. Hagglund, J. Munger, A. P. W. Poon, and B. Roizman US3 Protein Kinase of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Blocks Caspase 3 Activation Induced by the Products of US1.5 and UL13 Genes and Modulates Expression of Transduced US1.5 Open Reading Frame in a Cell Type-Specific Manner J. Virol., January 15, 2002; 76(2): 743 - 754. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. J. Advani, R. R. Weichselbaum, and B. Roizman cdc2 Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Binds and Phosphorylates Herpes Simplex Virus 1 UL42 DNA Synthesis Processivity Factor J. Virol., November 1, 2001; 75(21): 10326 - 10333. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. Vollstedt, M. Franchini, G. Alber, M. Ackermann, and M. Suter Interleukin-12- and Gamma Interferon-Dependent Innate Immunity Are Essential and Sufficient for Long-Term Survival of Passively Immunized Mice Infected with Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 J. Virol., October 15, 2001; 75(20): 9596 - 9600. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Kotsakis, L. E. Pomeranz, A. Blouin, and J. A. Blaho Microtubule Reorganization during Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection Facilitates the Nuclear Localization of VP22, a Major Virion Tegument Protein J. Virol., September 15, 2001; 75(18): 8697 - 8711. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. E. Reynolds, B. J. Ryckman, J. D. Baines, Y. Zhou, L. Liang, and R. J. Roller UL31 and UL34 Proteins of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Form a Complex That Accumulates at the Nuclear Rim and Is Required for Envelopment of Nucleocapsids J. Virol., September 15, 2001; 75(18): 8803 - 8817. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. J. Advani, R. Hagglund, R. R. Weichselbaum, and B. Roizman Posttranslational Processing of Infected Cell Proteins 0 and 4 of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Is Sequential and Reflects the Subcellular Compartment in Which the Proteins Localize J. Virol., September 1, 2001; 75(17): 7904 - 7912. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M.-T. Sciortino, M. Suzuki, B. Taddeo, and B. Roizman RNAs Extracted from Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Virions: Apparent Selectivity of Viral but Not Cellular RNAs Packaged in Virions J. Virol., September 1, 2001; 75(17): 8105 - 8116. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. Munger, A. V. Chee, and B. Roizman The US3 Protein Kinase Blocks Apoptosis Induced by the d120 Mutant of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 at a Premitochondrial Stage J. Virol., June 15, 2001; 75(12): 5491 - 5497. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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 T. I. Ng, Y. Shi, H. J. Huffaker, W. Kati, Y. Liu, C.-M. Chen, Z. Lin, C. Maring, W. E. Kohlbrenner, and A. Molla Selection and Characterization of Varicella-Zoster Virus Variants Resistant to (R)-9-[4-Hydroxy-2-(Hydroxymethy)Butyl]Guanine Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., June 1, 2001; 45(6): 1629 - 1636. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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G. Cheng, M. Gross, M.-E. Brett, and B. He AlaArg Motif in the Carboxyl Terminus of the {gamma}134.5 Protein of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Is Required for the Formation of a High-Molecular-Weight Complex That Dephosphorylates eIF-2{alpha} J. Virol., April 15, 2001; 75(8): 3666 - 3674. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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P. Lopez, C. Van Sant, and B. Roizman Requirements for the Nuclear-Cytoplasmic Translocation of Infected-Cell Protein 0 of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 J. Virol., April 15, 2001; 75(8): 3832 - 3840. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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C. Van Sant, P. Lopez, S. J. Advani, and B. Roizman Role of Cyclin D3 in the Biology of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 ICP0 J. Virol., February 15, 2001; 75(4): 1888 - 1898. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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M. Franchini, C. Abril, C. Schwerdel, C. Ruedl, M. Ackermann, and M. Suter Protective T-Cell-Based Immunity Induced in Neonatal Mice by a Single Replicative Cycle of Herpes Simplex Virus J. Virol., January 1, 2001; 75(1): 83 - 89. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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D. A. Rauch, N. Rodriguez, and R. J. Roller Mutations in Herpes Simplex Virus Glycoprotein D Distinguish Entry of Free Virus from Cell-Cell Spread J. Virol., December 15, 2000; 74(24): 11437 - 11446. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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G. Zhou, V. Galvan, G. Campadelli-Fiume, and B. Roizman Glycoprotein D or J Delivered in trans Blocks Apoptosis in SK-N-SH Cells Induced by a Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Mutant Lacking Intact Genes Expressing Both Glycoproteins J. Virol., December 15, 2000; 74(24): 11782 - 11791. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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A. P. W. Poon, W. O. Ogle, and B. Roizman Posttranslational Processing of Infected Cell Protein 22 Mediated by Viral Protein Kinases Is Sensitive to Amino Acid Substitutions at Distant Sites and Can Be Cell-Type Specific J. Virol., December 1, 2000; 74(23): 11210 - 11214. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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L. E. Pomeranz and J. A. Blaho Assembly of Infectious Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Virions in the Absence of Full-Length VP22 J. Virol., November 1, 2000; 74(21): 10041 - 10054. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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G. Randall, M. Lagunoff, and B. Roizman Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Open Reading Frames O and P Are Not Necessary for Establishment of Latent Infection in Mice J. Virol., October 1, 2000; 74(19): 9019 - 9027. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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G. Zhou and B. Roizman Wild-Type Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Blocks Programmed Cell Death and Release of Cytochrome c but Not the Translocation of Mitochondrial Apoptosis-Inducing Factor to the Nuclei of Human Embryonic Lung Fibroblasts J. Virol., October 1, 2000; 74(19): 9048 - 9053. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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