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1918 and 2009 H1N1 influenza are not pathogenic in birds

¹ National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease;
² Mount Sinai School of Medicine;
³ Kansas State University, College of Veterinary Medicine

⁴ E-mail: shawn.babiuk{at}inspection.gc.ca

The susceptibility of chickens to both 1918 and 2009 H1N1 influenza virus was evaluated. The intravenous pathogenicity index of 1918 and 2009 H1N1 viruses in chickens was 0. Chickens did not develop clinical signs following experimental inoculation simulating natural infection. No gross pathological changes were observed in any tissues from chickens between 2 and 18 days post infection (dpi) and viral RNA was not detected in mucosal secretions or tissues by real-time RT-PCR. Seroconversion was not detected in any of the chickens following inoculation with H1N1 2009 virus, whereas half the chickens developed influenza specific antibodies at 28 days post infection with 1918 influenza suggesting limited infection. Viral RNA was detected in mallard ducks following 1918 inoculation at 3 dpi in cloacal swabs but not in tissues by real-time RT-PCR and all ducks seroconverted by 28 dpi. Both 1918 and 2009 H1N1 influenza viruses behave as LPAI in gallinaceous poultry.

Received 11 September 2009; accepted 1 November 2009.